Motor vehicle



L. J. STEPHENSON.

MOTOR VEHICLE.

APPLICATION rLEn1uNE10,191a.

Patented Mar. 21, 1922.

L. J. STEPHENSON. MooR VEHICLE. APPLICATION FILED JUNE 10, 1918.

0,276. Patented Mar. 21, 1922.

||||||||||||||lil|||||A L. J. STEPHENSON.

MOTOR VEHICLE. APPLICATION FILED JUNE 10,1915.

1,410,276. Patented Mar. 21, 1922.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

AL. J. STEPHENSON.

MOTOR VEHICLE.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE I0. Isls.'

Patented Mar. 21, 1922.

4 SHEES-SHEET 4.

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LM/m

UNITED STATES PATENT 'OFFICl-.

LEIGH J' STEPHENSON, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOR TO WOODS MOTOR VEHICLE COMPANY, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, A CORPORATION OF ILLINOIS.

MOTOR VEHICLE.

Specification of Letters fatent.

Patented` Mar. 21, 1922.

Application filed .Tune 10, 1918. Serial No. 239,285.

To all 'zo/0m 'it may concern.' y

Be it known that I, Linen J. STEPHENSON, a citizen of the United States, residing at Chicago, in the county of Cook and State` of Illinois, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Motor Vehicles, of which the following is a full, clear, concise, and exact description, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification.

This invention relates to improvements in motor vehicles.

The objects of the invention are:

1st. To provide aV four wheel drive motor vehicle in which the power is transmitted to all four wheels without appreciable loss.

2nd. To provide a four wheel drive vehicle in which the rear drive wheels are mechanically 'connected with the power plant and the front drive wheels are electrically connected with the power plant.

To provide means/0f the character described for driving a motor vehicle wherein the motors driving the front wheels will automatically assume the proper proportion of the load at starting and at low speeds and automatically reduce the load which they carry as thev speed of the vehicle increases. l

4th. To provide a power plant for a four wheel drive vehicle comprising a suitable engine and a dynamo in combination with a storage battery, the said dynamo function ing at higher speeds as a generator for charg. ing said battery and at lower speeds as u motor for assisting the engine to drive the vehicle, the storage battery serving as a source of energy for the motors used for driving the front wheels of the vehicle.

5th. To provide novel means and circuits for controlling the operation of the power plant yand driving mechanism during the starting, running, braking, and stopping of the vehicle.

6th. To so connect the motors for the front drive wheels that if one of the front wheels tends'to spin it will/be prevented vfrom spin-I ning by the action of the two motors driving these wheels. I

Other objects will appear as the description progresses, reference being had to the accompanyingdrawings inwhich,

- Figure 1 isa plan view of a motor vehicle havingmy improved means for driving the front andreariwheels, the body and ,that it will act as a generator and charge certain other portions of the vehicle being removed to more clearly disclose the relation of the various parts of my driving means;

Figure 2 is a side elevation of the structure shown in Figure 1;

Figure 3 is a transverse section taken on the line 3 3 of Figure l;

Figure 4 is an enlarged plan view of certain parts'of the control mechanism shown in Figure l, the friction clutch being'shown 1n section;

Figure 5 is a section taken on the line 5-5 of Figure 4; i v

Figure 6 is a side elevation of the throttle controlling means and a switch mechanism, the function of which will be described later on; 1

Figure 7 is a plan view of the structure shown in Figure 6;

- Figure 8 is a side elevationI of a speed control switch7 the function of which will be referred to later on;

Figure 9 is a plan view of the switch shown in Figure 8, taken on the line 9=9 of Figure 8;

Figure l() is a side elevation showing the shift lever of the gear transmission and a reversing switch connected therewith;

Figure ll is a transverse section through one of the front drive wheels showing certain features of the construction of the motor and its connection with the drive wheel; and

Figure 12 is a diagram of the connections between the dynamo, storage battery, front drive motors, and also showing certain portions of the control mechanism.

Similar characters of reference' refer to similar parts throughout the several views.

The power plant of my improved motor vehicle comprises an internal combustion engine having u suitable driving connection with a compound wound dynamo which is wound to function cumulatively when it is operating as a motor and differentially when it is functioning as a generator. This dynamo is connected by means of suitable circuits, which will be described in detail later on, with a storage batteryl and at high speeds thel voltage of the dynamo is such the storage battery, but at lower speeds it will act as a motor and assist the internal combustion engine to drive the motor vehicle.

The dynamo vis connected-.b1 means '1 a forward and reverse gear transmission with a propeller shaft which drives the rear wheels oi the vehicle.

I provide :1, series wound motor tor dri'v `ingr` cach o the front. wheels, these motors being pivotally mounted upon the ends of the forward supporting axle and rigidly connected with the spindle about which the front wheels rotate. The shaft of each motor extends through its spindle and drives the ,wheel through a suitable planetary reduction lgear train. The two motors driving' the front wheels are connected in series with each other and connected across 'the terminals ot' the dyna'mo and the storage battery. This connection includes a reverse switch which is so connected with the shift ,lever ot' the gear transmission that the direction of rotation of these motors is changed when the transmission isthrown into reverse position. These motors, being series wound, will deliver a large starting torque and are designed to normally deliver their share oi the torque required to drive a vehicle at a speed of about four miles per hour. As the speed ot the vehicle is increased by the engine the current through vthese motors decreases, always approaching These motorswill not charge the storage battery, this l'unction being per formed by the dynamo.

'I prefer that the internal combustion engine of my improved power plant should be about two-thirds the size. or power of the internal combustion engine which would normally be used for driving the vehicle to which my power plant 4is attached. The dynamo .should be ot suiiicient size to turnish about two-thirds of the power which it is desired to furnish in addition to that of the engine and the remaining one-third of the power required i'or driving` the motor vehicle at its normal speed ot four miles per hour should be dividedbbetween the motors for driving the two v'front wheels. By using a planetary reduction between the motors and lthe front wheels a very large gearratio may be obtained which may be used either to reduce the required torque of the front drive motors or -to increase the torque available lor driving the front wheels.

Referringr to the drawings, the reference character 15 indicates in `general the chassis of a motor vehicle upon which is suitably mounted an internal combustion engine 16 which is coi'inected with a shaft 17 ot the dynamo 18 by means of a suitable clutch 19 which may be operated to detach the internal combustion engine 'ivi-om the dynamo in ease the former becomes disabled. This clutch is operated by means olf a lever 2O which is positioned beneath the hood ot the vehicle. lo the rear ot the dynamo i8 is a gear transmission 2l, which is shovi'n as ifiiowe being' ot the two speed Jforward and one speed reverse type. This transmission is connected with the dynamo by means olf a friction clutch 22, the structure of which and the means ior owimratinlf.,T will be later described more in detail. The driven shaft 23 of the transmission is connected with a suitable rear propeller shaft 24 by means of a universal joint 25 and the rear end of the propeller sha-tt 2l is connected with the differential drive mechanism indicated in general by the reference character 26 by means of a universal joint 27.

The front supporting' axle '2d is provided at each end with a torl; 2), :is shown in Film ure l1. Pivotally mounted on the outer ends of each ot these 'forks a motor Pit) which,as stated above/is series wound. The traine 3l ot this motor pivotally connected with the arms ot the tork Q9 by means ot the pins 32 and 5:33. The pin 232i is rigidly secured`to the frame 3l by moans ot a second pin 3l, or in any other suitable manner. Secured to thc outer side ot tho motor frame is a hollow spindle or trunnion 35 about which the hub 36 ot the wheel 5&7 rotates. The sha'lit 38 of the motor extends through the trunnion 35 and has keyed to its outer end the pinion 2") which meshes on opposite sides with the gears Il() and 4:1, respectively. These gears fl() and l1 are rotatably mounted upon stud shafts and 43, respectively, which are lsecured in a. flange-like extension 114. ot the hub ilo. This extension l-t is secured to the spokes ol the wheel in any desired manner. The ,gears Ll() and 'stl have tormed integrally therewith the pinions and 4to. respectively, which engage with opposite sides of the gear Ll?. The I'ear l? is rigidly cured to the outer end ol the spindle IE5 as by means ot' screw threads and a key 47S. A casingv 49 surroumls the i'ilanetai'y gear train described above and is intended to receive a suitable lubricant Afor this ,gear train.

Secured to the pins 3Q and 233 is a steering' volto 50. The steering" yolies of the two wheels are connected by a common link 5l.

shown in Figure 1, which may be oporated to properly steer tho front wheels by means ot any desired steering mechanism in a well known manner. YFrom the above deseril'ition it will be clear that when the armatures ol? the wound motors rotate in one direction the front wheels will rotate in a forward direction and that when theI armatures otl these motors rotate in the opposite direction the iront wheels will reverse their direction of rotation. rl`he type of gearing' which I have illustrated permits ot a very large gear reduction. which is desirable ior the reason .that it permits ino to use a comparatirely small motor tor driving' each olf the 'front wheels and at the same time gives a large starting torque. Other types of reduction gearing between these motors 'and their co-acting drive wheels may, of course, be employed without departin/Ifrom the spirit of my invention.

ounted upon the rear end of the driven shaft 23 of the transmission is a brake drum 52 with which the brake strap 53 co-acts. The means for tightening the brake strap 53 comprises `a service brake pedal 54 rotatably mounted upon the shaft 55 (see Fig. 4) and secured against longitudinal movement relative to said shaft 55 by means of a set screw 56, the inner end of which engages in an annular groove on the shaft 55 in a well known manner. Formed integrally with the lower end of the brake pedal 54 is a bevel pinion 57 which meshes with la corresponding bevel pinion 58 secured to the The shaft 59 at its rear end 'is provided with a downwardly extending arm 60 which is connected with the lever of the i. brake strap by means of a link 61.- 1When the brake pedal 54 is pressed forwardly the service brake is set. i

The means for operating the friction clutch between the dynamo and the transmission will now be described.

Rotatably mounted upon the shaft 55 is a sleeve 62 having a shoulder 63 at its inner end and a shoulder 64 at its outer end. Projecting downwardly from the sleeve 62 is a lug 65 which when the sleeve 62 is rotated in a counter-clockwise direction, in Figure 5, engages the upper end of the arm 66, the lower end of which is secured to the rock shaft 67. A spring 68 holds the lug` 65 in spaced relation to the arm 66. At its inner end the shaft 67 is provided with a pair of pins 68 having inturned ends 69 which engage in an annular groove 70 in the hub 7l of the slidable member 72 of the `friction clutch in a well known manner. Rotatably mounted on the shaft 55 at the inner end of the sleeve 62 is a collar 7 3 which is provided with a shoulder 74 adapted to co-act with the shoulder 68 of the sleeve. The collar 7 3 is prevented from longitudinal movement relative to the shaft 55 by means of a set screw 7 5 which engages .with an annular groove in the shaft 55 in a well known manner. Secured to the collar 73 is the clutch edal 76,.,the forward movement of which rings theshoulder 7 4 into engagement with the shoulder 63 ofthe sleeve 62 and rotates the latter sleeve in a counter-clockwisedirection, as-shown in Figure 5. This counterclockwise movement of the sleeve 62 is coinmunicated to the rock shaft 67 through the lug 65 andarm 66 to disengage the surfaces of the clutch 22. f

The reference character 77 indicates the emergency brake lever, the lower end of which is secured tonJ collar 78 rotatably mounted upon the 'shaft 55 'and 'provided with a shoulder 79 which co-,acts with the shoulder 64 of the sleeve 62 to positively rotate the sleeve in a counter-clockwise direction, in Figure 5. The collar 7 8 is prevented from longitudinal movement relative to the shaft 55 by means of a set screw 80 operating in the same manner as the set screws 56 and 75. Secured to the lower side of the collar 78 is an arm 81 which-is connected by means of a link 82 with an arm 83 on a rock shaft 84 pivotally mounted at the rear end of the vehicle. A second arm 85 is se cured to the shaft 84 at its upper end and connected at its lower end by means of a link 86 with mechanism of a wellknown type for operating` the emergency brakes. the construction of which corresponds to the construction of the ordinary service brake and which it is thought unnecessary to describe in detail. It is sufficient to state that when the emergency brake lever 77 is pushed forward the emergency brakes on -which co-acts with a quadrant 88 to hold the emergency brake lever in any of its adjusted positions. The reference Acharacter 90 indicates in general a double throw switch comprising three stationary upper contacts 91, 92 and 93 and two lower stationary contacts 94 and 95. The upper stationary contacts are adapted to be connected together by means of a contact 96 carried by the movable element 97 of the switch and the lower stationary contacts 94 and 95 may be connected together by means of a movable contact 98 likewise carried by the element 97 which is pivoted to the supportingr member 99, as shown .at 100. The free end of the pivoted member 97 projects in the path of a lug 101 vsecured to the sleeve 62 and is urged upwardly by means of a spring 102. When the clutch pedal 76 is relieved of pressure the spring 68 rotates the sleeve 62 to a position in which the lug 101 causes the pivoted pressure of the spring 102 and thereby cause the contact 98 to connect the two contacts l 94 and 957 but when pressure is applied to the clutch pedal 74the initial movement of this pedal causes the lug 101 to move away vfrom the pivoted member 97, whereupon the spring 102 moves this member upwardly. The contact 96 thereupon connects the three contacts 91, 92 and 93. Further movement of the clutch pedal 76 will cause the lug 65 to engage the arm 66 and thereby cause the clutch surfaces to be disengaged. The-func tions ofthe switch 90 will be described later on.

In `Figures and 7 I have illustrated-the means for controlling the engine throttle.

vThe `reference character 103 indicates the steering column, which is hollow and rota- Yand the upper end oli which. is provided with a throttle lever 106. The pinion meshes with a similar pinion 107 secured to the lower end of the shaft 108. At. its upper end the shaft 108 is provided with an .arm 109, the free end of which carries an extension having slot 110 formed therein. This slot receives the down turned end yot' the links 111, the opposite end of 'which connected with an arm 112 rotatably mounted upon the shaft 113 of the throttle valve 114;. This arm 112 provided with a shoulder 115 which engages with the outer end et' the elongated lug 116 formed integrally with the throttle shaft. An arm 11i'v is secured to the outer end o't the shaft 113 and is urged in a counter'elockwise direction, in Figure 6, by means o'f a spring 118. When the throttle lever 106 is moved in one direction the throttle valve 111 is opened against. the tension ol: the spring 11S and when the throttle lever 10G is moved in the opposite direction thosprinp,` 11S closes the throttle. The reference character 119 indi cates an accelerator pedal pvotalliY mount ed on the dash 120, or some other suitable support, and connected by means oi a' linhi 121 with the upper end oit .an arm 122 which is likewise rotatably mounted upon the shaft 113 and. provided with a shoulder 123 coacting with the inner end of: the lug 116. `When the pedal 121 is moved. toward the dash the valve 114 will be opened. against the tension of the spring 118 and when pressure on the pedal 1241 is relieved thil spring 118 will close theA throttle. The two means just described 'for independently operating the throttle 11/1 are old .and further description. thereof appears to be unnecessary.

At the lower end of theI .shaft V101 I secure an eccentric 125, which is forme-d of insulating' material, and which bears against the upper end of the spring` Contact 126. This spring contact co-acts with a second spring' contact 12T to close a circuit, which will later be described in detail, upon the initial movement of the throttle lever 10G, The lost motion connection between the downturned end of the llink 111 and the slot 1.10 is suliicient to permit the closing ol the contacts 126 and 127 before the throttle valve of the engine is opened.

In Figures 1 and 2 the reference character 127 ind'cates a whole a reversiinclr switch, the details o'l the structure of which are shown in Figure 10. This reversing switch comprises two stationary elongated contacts 128 and. 129 and. a second shorter contact 130. The contacts 12S and. 130 are connected in parallel, as shown in Figure 10. A movable switch member 131 is slid ahl)7 mounted in a suitable support 132 and carries the two insulated contacts 133 and 1311A. rThis movable member is connected b5 .1A-tonte means oi1 the linl: `with the shift leverL 136 et the transmission. ln liigure 10 this shift leiy r shown in lull lines in its nerr tral pos ion. B, and C indicato the high speed forward., low speed r'orwaril, and reverse positions ot the shi'tt lever 130. s long as the lever 1536 is in the positions A, B, or the position. shown in full lines in Figure 10, the contacts and 131 will remain in contact with the elongated contacts 12S and 129, respect'vely, but when the shift le ver is moved to the position (l the contact'l-l will thenv make conAA tact with the contact 129 and the contact 1.311 will malte Contact with the contact 1.30, there" by reversing 'the direction et the iow oli eurrcnt through the circuit with which these contacts are connected.

Referring to Figure 1, the relie-rence character 137 indicates as a whole a speed control switch driven trom the shaft.: shaft 13b is preferably driven 'from the timing 2gears, not shown, of the internal come bustion engine in a wellknown manner and. maj,v also drive the magneto 139 .and the circul-ation pump 140. By this means the speed control switch 137 will be driven at a speed proportiomil to the speed ol" the vehicle. The details of the structure ot this switch are shown in l*`i;'ures S and 9. The sha'lt 138 is provided with a. bevel pinion lfll 'which meshes with a correspondini,r bevel pinion 1112 on the lower 'end oi' the shaft l-l-B. KThe shalt 1113 finds suitable bearings in the bearing; block 1.14. and the support 145. Slidahlv mounted upon the shaft 111?, and splined thereto is a sleeve 116 to which is pivotall)v secured the lower ends ot the springs 117 oif a. ball governor. the upper ends of these springs being pivo'tallv secured ,v

to the upper end of the shaft. 1113 b v means ot' a suitable coupling member Ylei-S. From the above description itl will appear that when the shaft 111-3 is rotated the sleeve 1110 will move upvvardlv and .lownwardl;v on the sha'lit 113 according' to the speed ot the vehicle. Rotatabl)v mounted upon the sleeve 110 is a contact bar Hf) which is adapted. to co-act. with the contacts 150, 151, and 152. which are suitably secured to the support 115 and insulated therefrom. From an inspection o if Figure 8 will be seen that at low speeds the Contact bar 119 does not connectwith the contact and that et high speeds the contact bar 149 will be above the upper end of the contact 1512.

lflavingy thus described the mechanical 'teatures of in v improved. Vlour wheel drive power plant and the means tor controlling tht` operation o'l" the sainel l will now, by reference to Figure 12. describe the circuits connectingr the various electrical apparatus and the means l'or i-.ontrolling these bi1-cuits and their mode ot opeintion.

The dotted. line positions n.,

As shown in this ligure the stm'agre bal.- l o tery S is connectedwith the dynamoA 18 by a circuit comprising the conductors 155, 156, 157, and 158, the ampere hour meter switch 159, and the solenoid operated switch indicated as a whole by the reference character l that is, when the storagev battery has been 'discharged to a certain degree and which are disengaged when a certain predetermined amount of current has flowed in an opposite direction from the dynamo acting as a gen! erator to charge the battery S. From the above description it will be clear that whenthe contacts 150 and 151 are bridged by the contact 149 and when the contacts 167 and 168 are connected by the contact 169 if the throttle lever 106 is then moved to close the spring contacts 126 and 127 the solenoid 161 will be energized and the switch 160 closed.

The contacts 149 and 150 are so arranged relative to each other that they will not make contact until the engine is operating at its idling speed or slightly above this speed.

Vhen it is desired to start the. engine it' is, therefore, necessary to provide another circuit for closing the circuit through the solenoid 161 in order to close the switch 160 to connect the storage battery with the dynamo, it, of course, being understood that the engine is cranked by causing the dynamo to function as a motor.- This circuit is closed by depressing the clutch pedal 7 6 and operating the throttle lever 106 to close the contacts 126 and 127 whereupon current flows from the storage battery- S through the conductors 155, 162 the contacts 126', 127 conductor 163, solenoid 161, conductors 164, 170, contacts 91,96, 92, conductors 176 and 157, the coil 173 of the ampere hour meter switch, and" the conductor 156 back to the storage battery S, thereby energizing the solenoid 161 and closing the switch 160. By

the means just described the operator is enabled to energize the main switch 160 so as to close the same and start the engine with the dynamo 18 functioning as a motor. The vehicle is then started by easing the clutch pedal 76 back to its normal position, whereby the clutch is thrown in and the rear propeller shaft connected with the engine. At the same time that the clutch is thrown in the lug 101 on the sleeve 62 engages the pivoted member 97 and breaks the circuit between the contacts 91 and 92 and at the same time establishes a connection between the contacts 94 and 95, thereby energizing the solenoid operated switch 174 to close thecircuit including the two front motors 3 0, thereby throwing these motors across the terminals of the dynamo and the storage battery. It will, therefore, be seen that at the same time that the clutch is eased intoy driving position the two motors for the front drive Wheels are energized so that they will vehicle is, of course, increased and by closing the throttle decreased. The ordinary braking is dynamically performed by pressing down the clutch pedal 76 whereby the contact 96 is caused to close the circuit between the .contacts 92 and 93 thereby connecting the conductors 171 and 176and short-circuiting the resistance R in the shunt field circuit at the same time the throttle is closed either by the throttle lever 106 or the accelerator pedal. The driving' power thus being removed from the dynamo the energy absorbed from the` dynamo in charging the batteries quickly, causes a reduction in the speed of the vehicle. This effect is accelerated by shcrtscircuiting the resistance R because by so doing the field of the dynamo is increased, thereby increasing the voltage of the dynamo and in a proportional degree increasing the energy delivered to the storage batteries which must be furnished by the momentum of the vehicle. The vehicle is brought to a complete stop by depressing the pedal 76 far enough to disconnect the clutch and by use of the servicebrake.

From an inspection of Figures 8 and 12 it will be noted that the contact 152 is not as high vas either the contact 150 or the contact 151. The height of this contact 152 is such that when the vehicle is running at a certain redetermined speed, say seven miles per iioux,l the contact 149 will be above the upperI end of the contact 152, but the contact 149, when the engine is running below this speed will complete a circuit through the conductor 162, contacts 126 and 127, con

furnish the proper proportion of the torque this speed and that the power of the front motors as well that of the main motor is automatically available inra hard pull. This also entirely eliminates the possibility of stalling the engine if the clutch is engaged too quickly.

lVith the arrangei'nent ot' the four wheel drive vehicle as described the power of the engine transmitted to all/four wheels nith a minimum loss in energy at the time oi starting or in a hard pull. All of the poner of the engine is transmitted directly `to the rear wheels through a single rear axle gear reduction. The` energy for the iront moto 's comes from the battery and is replaced at a time when the power demand on the engine is not so great. This arrangement climis nates a. great part ot the loss in mechanical transmissions due to numerous bevel gears, universal joints, and other connections cus tomary in mechanical four wheel drives. In a; mechanical fourwheel drive a portion of the engine ted to the'tront wheels at considerable loss irrespective of whether or not this driving power is :necessary at the front wheels. Vith a dual power vehicle such as have described both when the roads are good and the vehicle is up to speed all of the engine power is sent through a single reduction to the rear wheels only and ata very high efficiency. When hard pulling.,r is encountered the power is sent to the `trent motors, these motors automatically assuming their proper pro rtion of the load.

Vhile I lave described thedetails of the to be understood that my invention is not limited to these details, hut is capable of" other adaptations and modifications within the scope of the appended claims.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is:

l. In a motor vehicle having 'front and rear drive wheels the combination ot' an internal combustion engine provided with a throttle, a throttle lever and an accelerator pedal ier independently actuating said throttle, a compound wound dynamo, driving connections between said engine and said dynamo, a. mnltispeed forward and reverse gear transmission including a shift lever connected with said dynamo by a clutch. a propeller shaft for driving said rear wheels,

rthe said propeller shait being driven by said transmission, an emergency brake, a storage battery, a circuit for connecting said dynamo and storage battery comprising a solenoid operated main switch and an ampere hour vmeter, a speed control switch driven by said engine having contacts opening at speeds beL low the idling speed -of said cngineand closed at higher speeds, contacts opened by said ampere hou;` meter'when said storage ower is always beingr transmit-` lamme battery is completely charged and closed when said battery is discharged, contacts connected with said throttle lever to during the initial movement oi' said ihrot tle lever, an energizing circuit torthe solenoid of said main switch including said ani-v pere hour meter contact-s. said speed control switch contacts and thc contacts actuated by said throttle lever, a resistance connected in series with the shunt field ot' said dynamo, a second circuit for energizing said solenoid indel'iendently of said ampere hour meter and Said speed control switch contacts, a shortscircuiting circuit for said resistance, a common switch for cu'iening and closing Said second and short-circuiting circuits, means for actuating said clutch to connect and dis- `connect said dynamo andtransmission comprising a clutch pedal, aneinergency brake lever, means imlependently operated by said clutch pedal or said emergency brake. lever to first close said common switch and then disconnect said clutch or vice. versa, a series wound motor for driving each of said front drive wheels, a circuit for connecting said motors in series with each other and across said storage battery terminals, the said circuit iincluding a switch controlled by said clutch pedal or emergency brake lever Yl'or closingA said circuit.

2. In a motor vehicle having front and rear drive wheels the combination of an internal combustion engine provided with a throttle,- a lever for actuating said throttle, a compound wound dynamo, driving connections between said engine and said dynamo, a forward and reverse gear transmission including a shift lever connected with said dyname hv a clutch, a propeller shaft for driv- 'ingr said rear wheels, the said propeller shaft being driven by said transmission, an emergency brake, a storage battery, a circuit for connectingsaid dynamo and storage battery comprising:r a solenoid operated main switch and an ampere hour meter, a speed control switch driven hy said engine having contacts opening at speeds below the idling speed ot' said engine and closed at higher speeds, contacts opened by said ampere hour s meter when said storage battery is com-l pletely charged and closed when said battory is discharged, contacts connected with said throttle lever. to close during the initial movement, of said throttle lever7 an ener-v yshort-circuitin `circuits, means for actuatacross said storage lbatterytermin'al's, the' said circuit including a switch y.controlled by said Iclutch pedal or emergencyl brake lever for 'closing said circuit.

3. In a motor'vehicle having front and rear drive wheels the combination of an internal combustion engine provided with a throttle, a lever for actuating said throttle, a compound wound dynamo, driving conn ctions between said engineand said dyna o, a forward and reverse gear transmission includin a shiftlever connected with said dynamoy a clutch, a propeller shaft for driving saidr rear wheels, the said propeller shaft being driven by said transmission, a storage battery, a circuit for connecting said dynamo and storage battery comprising a solenoid operated main switch and an ampere hour meter, a speed control switch driven by said engine having contacts opening at speeds-below the idling speed of said engine and closed at higher speeds, contacts opened by said ampere hour meter when said storage battery is completely charged and closed when said battery is discharged, contacts connected with said throttle lever to close during the initial movement of said throttle lever, an energizing circuit for the solenoid of said main switch including said ampere hour meter contacts, said speed control switch contacts and the contacts actuated by said throttle lever, a resistance connected in series with the shunt field of said dynamo, a second circuit for energizing said solenoidindependently of said ampere hour meter and said speed control A switch contacts, a short-circuiting circuit for said resistance, switch mechanism for opening and closing said second and short-circuiting circuits, means for actuating said clutch to connect and disconnect said dynamo and transmission comprising a clutch pedal, means operated by said clutch pedal to first close said switch mechanism and then disconnect said clutch or vice versa, a series wound motor for driving each ot'said front drive wheels. and a circuit for connecting said motors in series with each other and across said storage battery terminals, the said circuit including a switch controlled by Said clutch pedal for closing said circuit.

4r. In a motor vehicle having front and rear drive wheels the combination of an internal combustion engine provided with a throttle, a iever for actuatingbsaid throttle, a compound wound dynamo, driving connections between said" engine and'said dynamo,

a forward and' reverse gearv -transmission including a shift leverconnectd.. with said dynamo by a clutch, a propeller shaft' for driving said rear wheels, the said propeller shaft being driven by said transmission, an

eniergency brake, a storage battery, a circuit for connecting said dynamo and storage battery comprising a solenoid operated main switch and an ampere hour meter, `a speed control switch driven by ,said engine having contacts opening at speeds below the idling speed of said engine and closed at higher speeds, contacts opened by said ampere hour meter when said storage battery is completely charged and closed when said battery is discharged, contacts connected with said throttle lever to close duringthe initial movement of said throttle lever, an energizin circuit for the solenoid of said main swltch including said ampere hour meter contacts, said speed contrai switch contacts and the contacts actuated by said throttle lever, a resistance connected in series with the shunt field of said dynamo, a second circuit for energizing said-solenoid independently of said ampere hour meter and said speed control switch contacts, a shortcircuiting circuit for said resistance, switch mechanism for 'opening andclosing said second and short-circuiting circuits, means for actuating said clutch to connect and dis connect said dynamo andI transmission comprising an emergency 'brake lever, means operated by said emergency brake-lever to first close said switch mechanism and then disconnect said emergency brake or vice versa, a series wound motor for driving each of said front drive wheels, and a circuit for connecting said motors in series with each other and across said storage battery terminals, the said circuit including a switch controlled by said emergency brake lever for closing said circuit.

5. In a motor vehicle having front and rear drive wheels the combination of an internal combustion engine, a throttle, a lever for actuating said throttle, a dynamohaving a shunt winding, driving connections bctween said dynamo and engine including a clutch, a clutch operating pedal, a forward` switch controlled by said throttle actuating l y lever and said clutch pedal, a series motor for driving each of said front drive wheels,

series with each other and across the tercuit including a reversing switch "foi-traversla circuit for connecting said motors in lminals of said storage batterynthe said. ciri Cri ing the direction of rot-ation of said motors, and connections between saidshitt lever and said reversing switch tee reversing said motors when said shift lever is thrown intofor driving each ot' said vtroirt drive wheels,

a ci rcnit for connecting said motors in series with each other and across t-hc terminals o'lf said storage battery, the said circuit inchid'ing a reversingswitch for reversing the direction ol' rotation of said motors, and connections 1netwecn said shift lever and said reversing switch 'for reversing said motors when said shift. lever is thrown into reverse.

7. In a motor vehicle having front and rear drive wheels the combination ot an internal combustion engine, a dynamo having a shunt winding, driving connectiorH between said dynamo and engine, a forward, and reverse gear transmi sion having a shift lever, driving connections between. said rear drive wl'icels and said transmission. a. storage haittery, a circuit connecting said dynamo and storagediatteiy, a motor Yfor driving each of said :front di" y'e wheels, -a circnit lor connecting said motors in series with each other and across the terminals oli said storage battery. the said circuit iiclnding:I a reversing switch for reversing the direction ot rotation oi said motors, and conne tions between said switch lever and said reversiiig switch for reversing said motors when said shift lever is thrown into reverse.

i. lin a motor vehicle having iront and rimr drive wheels the combination of an engine, a dynamo having a shunt winding, driiiing coninfctions between said engine and said dynamo, a forward and reverse transmission driven 'trom said dynamo, a storage hattcry, a, circuit connecting' said storage hattcry and dynamo, a se ics wound motor for driving each ot said front driving ,vhncls. a circuit for connectinggjg said motors in series with each other and across the tcrn'iinals ol said storage battery, the said circuit including a reversing switch, and

rneans 'tor operating said switch to reverse said motors when said transmission. is

f minare tween said engine and said dynamo, a storage battery, a circuit including said dynamo and storage battery, a forward and reverse transmission driven hy said dynamo, a motor for driving each ot said 'liront drive wheels, and means for connecting said motors with said storage hat-tory so as to rotate in one direction when said transmission is thrown 'forward and in the reverse direction when said transmission is thrown in reverse.

l0. In a motor vehicle having front and rear drive wheels the combination ot' an engine, a dynamo, driving connections hr'- tween said engine and dynamo, a Storage battery, a circuit connecting said dynamo and battery including a solenoid operated main switch and an ampere hour meter, switch contacts controlled hy said ampere hour meter, a circuit for energizing the solenoid of said main switch `including said switch contacts, and means controlled hy the speed ot the vehicle for short-circniting said contacts when the vehicle is traveling below a certain predetermined speed and comprising means for' automatically opening and closing said circuit as said battery is charged and discharged, and means controlled by the speed of the vehicle for antomatically rendering said last. named means operative and inoperative.

il. In a motor vehicle having front and rear drive wheels the combination of an engine, a dynamo, driving connections between said engine and dynamo, a Storage battery, a circuit connecting said dynamo and hattery and comprising means for antoinatically opening and closing said circuit as said battery charged. and discharged, and means controlled by the speed oit the vehicle tor :nitonnltically renderiiig said last named means operative and inoperative.

l2. il. vehicle comprising a front and a rear drive wheel, an engine, a dynamo, drivinn` connections between said engine and said dyn-nino, a Storage battery, electrical connections between said dynamo and said storage hatte-ry, mechanical connections between said dynamo and one of said drive wheels, an electric motor for driving' the other 0i. said drive Vwheels while said first named drive wheel is lacing driven from said engine, and electrical connections fhetween said motor and said storage haivtcry.

13. in a motor vehicle `having a 'forward and a rear drive Wheel the combination ot an engine. a dynamo, driving connection hetween said engine and said dynamo. dri ring connection. between the unit consist-ing of said dynamo and said engine and one o't'iisaid drive wheels, a storage battery, a circuit connecting said dynamo and said storage battery. a motor for driving the other of said drive Wheels., a circuit connecting said motor and said storage battery, means for controlling the reversal ,of the direction. of

rotation of both drive Wheels,fmeans for con trolling the charging of said battery, and means controlled by the speed of the Vehicle for making the last named means operative or inoperative.

14. In a'motor vehicle having aforward.`

and a rear drive wheel the combination of an e 'ne a d namo ldrivin connection between `said engine and said ynamo, driving yoonnectim between the unit consisting of said dynamo and said engine and one of said. drive wheels, a storage battery, a, circuit rotation of bothy drive Wheels, and means fory controlling the charging of said battery.

I In witness whereof, I hereunto subscribe" my name this 5th da of June, A. D. 1918.

LEIG J. STEPHENSON. Witnesses:

EARL F. Preken, MARY A. Geox. 

